When competition becomes tough & weaker competitors are brought at the same plane. Then price becomes the selection criteria. Under such situations the bidders become very violent in approach.  Rationality in financial bidding becomes secondary. Primary becomes the lowest price bidding. The bidder then decides on the price only for  that output  which is easily visible to the client. Thus the one who is smart in increasing the invisible output wins the race. All winners  have one thing in common that hide the output as much as possible. This formula is applied for those services where validating becomes costlier than production cost such as market research or social science research. If some one wants remain in such business then he should understand this formula. This type of corruption no one will catch as the client is party in inducing the price cuts saying " Master Ji Pitaji ki Patloon ek bilont chhoti kar do". Master becomes master in cutting the price and makes the pant as "Ghutanna".